Farenheight 451
pg. 1-19
Characters:
Montag
-firefighter
-ignorant because of his lack of knowledge of the past
-unhappy
Clarisse
-different in that she seems to go against what seems to be their society
-she asks too many questions
-curious
-filled with joy whereas all other characters in their neighborhood are quiet and reserved
Paramedics
-uneducated?
-casual
vs. nowadays we think of working professionals who are coming to save a life
Setting:
Claim: The beginning of this dystopian book takes place at night, during the fall season, in the futuristic suburbs where Montag lives.
Evidence: “He walked out of the fire station and along the midnight street toward the subway where the silent, air-propelled train slid soundlessly down its lubricated flue in the earth and let him out with a great puff of warm air onto the cream-tiled escalator rising to the suburb,” (Bradbury 4).
“They walked in the warm-cool blowing night on the silvered pavement and there was the faintest breath of fresh apricots and strawberries in the air, and he looked around and realized this was quite impossible, so late in the year” (Bradbury 6-7).
“‘Do you ever read any of the books you burn?’ He laughed. ‘That's against the law!’"(Bradbury 8).
Reasoning: The fact that it was "impossible for apricots to be growing at that time of year" shows that it might be winter time. The idea that books are illegal and burned lets us know that this is not a present time because that is not a reality in our current society.
“he flicked the igniter and the house jumped up in a gorging fire that burned the evening sky red and yellow and black” -Paradox
Reasoning: This quote is almost confusing because in our current society we have firemen that put out
Claim: Ray Bradbury uses figurative language (personification, symbolism, simile, alliteration, paradox, etc) to create strong sensory images.
Evidence: “With this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world,” Personification
Reason: Bradbury uses personification to make comparisons and give sensory details to aid the reader's interpretation of the story and of specific images or “ideas”.
Evidence: ““He strode in a swarm of fireflies” Visual Imagery
Reason: Bradbury uses imagery to help the reader see the images he is portraying.
Evidence: Simile, “How like a mirror, too, her face. Impossible; for how many people did you know that refracted your own light to you? “
Reason: This simile is comparing Clarisse to a mirror because she reflects his emotions and actions back to him, and at that time she knows what he is going to do before he actually does it.
pg. 20-39
Motifs:
Motif-Continuing themeTechnology is taking over humanity:
In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the reoccurring theme throughout the novel this far is the absurdity of knowledge of the past. “Didn't fireman prevent fires rather than stoke them up and get them going?" (Bradbury 34) The characters are constantly filled with lies of the past, to cover up the remains of history. “Established, 1790, to burn English-influenced books in the Colonies. First Fireman: Benjamin Franklin,” (Bradbury 34). Bradbury continues to show, how the characters are being influenced by the lies they are being fed, when stating the history of Firemen.
In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 the reoccurring theme throughout the novel thus far is nature imagery, to foreshadow the lost connection of nature and humanity to technology and machines. “The Mechanical Hound… softly illuminated kennel back in a dark corner of the firehouse”(Bradbury 21). Within this, Bradbury is furthering the idea in which technology is taking precedence over humanity and nature, when stating the mechanical hound sleeping, like a human, and purrs like a hound, but also like the engine of a car. The role of Technology in society:
Claim: In Bradbury's novel, the characters are afraid of society.
Evidence: Beatty snorted gently. ‘Hell! It’s a fine bit of craftsmanship, a good rifle that can fetch its own target and guarantees the bulls-eye every time.’
‘’That's why,’ said Montag, ‘I wouldn't want to be it's next victim.’”(27)
“‘It doesn't think anything we don't want it to think.’” (27)
“Montag swallowed. ‘It's calculators can be set to any combination, so many amino acids, so much sulphur, so much butter fat and alkaline.’”(26)
The mechanical hound is a great example of a machine that is casting fear. However, the hound is not the only mechanical part of this story. The people are almost mechanical in that they do not think and they do not have emapthy. They have daily routines that seem to be programmed by maybe a highpowered government.
Theme:
Claim: Bradbury presents the theme of personal disconnection between people in their society and shows Montag’s development in realizing and understanding this disconnection when talking to Clarisse.
Evidence: Another example of disconnection occurs when Montag is speaking to Clarisse and she mentions how he is different from other firemen, “The others would walk off and leave me talking. Or threaten me. No one has time anymore for anyone else.” (Bradbury, 17).
Reasoning: Clarisse compares Montag to the other firemen saying he actually listens and pays attention to what she has to say, while the others ignore her because she is ‘odd,’ she then goes on to mention how no one has time for anyone anymore.
Claim: The disconnection between members of society in this novel is brought into the light when we see that even a married couple (Montag and Mildred) can not emotionally support each other and have deep conversations about issues they are suffering from.
Evidence: The theme of disconnection becomes present after Mildred overdoses on pills and the unknown men pump her stomach. In this quote Montag thinks to himself, “There are too many of us, he thought. There are billions of us and that's too many. Nobody knows anyone.”(Bradbury, 11).
Reasoning: Montag is saying that there are billions of people yet nobody knows anyone because everyone is so disconnected.
So what? Overall, this lack of personal connection between characters shows us that future societies are not necessarily improved. Bradbury is presenting the flaws in society by focusing on this disconnection.
Pg 40-62
Conformity Vs. Nonconformity
NONCONFORMITY-
Claim: In Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 the most apparent nonconformity is when Guy Montag steals a book from the house in which he is sent to burn to the ground, and then sneaks it into his home when he is aware of the law forbidding books to be read.
Evidence: “His hands had been infected, and soon it would be his arms. He could feel the poison working up his wrists and into his elbows and his shoulders, and then the jump-over from shoulder-blade to shoulder-blade like a spark leaping a gap. His hands were ravenous. And his eyes were beginning to feel hunger, as if they must look at something, anything, everything”(Bradburry 41).
Reasoning: When Montag steals the book from the burning house, he feels the sensation of potentially gaining a new perspective when reading this book. However, knowing that he can be thrown into an asylum, he feels the hunger of curiosity that the book obtains.
CONFORMITY-
Claim; An example of conformity when Montag was asked if he ever read the books that he burned, and he laughed and stated that reading the books was illegal.
Evidence; ”Do you ever read the books that you burn?” He laughed. “That’s against the law!” (Bradbury 8).
Reasoning; Montag shows signs of conformity by not reading books because the government says that it’s bad while Clarisse, the girl asking the question, shows signs of nonconformity by questioning the rules and the norms set by the government.
Characters
Claim: After Montag and the rest of the fireman witnessed the woman's burn, Montag started to change his mindset on books.
Evidence: He stumbled toward the bed and shoved the book clumsily under the cold pillow” (Bradbury 41)
Reasoning: After burning that woman's house everyone is starting to question why Montag was hesitant about burning the books. Montag now has a certain interest in books and it is started to change the way he perceives books and possibly his job. Since Montag took a book home, he is risking getting in trouble for satisfying his interest in books.
Claim: The firemen have become more comfortable with discussing books after the fire.
Evidence: "‘We shall this day light such a candle, by God's grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out,’ said Beatty. Stoneman glanced over at the Captain, as did Montag, startled.”(40)
Reasoning: Not only did Montag’s mind change, the other firemen have also become more open about books. Beatty clearly quotes a book on the drive back to the fire station. This was in front of two firemen, Montag and Black, whose main job is to burn books. While they were startled by this, they did not remark on it, showing that they do not mind if books are mentioned, they are just not discussed after.
Pg. 62-80
Language tension, suspense, mystery surprise
Claim: Montag is using mysterious language when Beatty, or so depicted in page 67, is at the door of Montag’ s home and alluding to the potential of Beatty breaking down the door and harming him and and his wife
Evidence: the sounds at the front door made Montag realise that the Hound was outside of the door, the same one that is always hostile towards him and could possibly kill him if it desired to,
pg. 67
Reasoning: Bradbury uses suspense in this section so the reader remains hooked. The hound creates tension and drama. The suspense, mystery, and surprise keeps the reader wanting more. This tactic is used throughout the novel.
Motifs
Claim: Bradbury often refers to objects as animals.
Evidence: “There sat Beatty, perspiring gently, the floor littered with swarms of black moths that died in a single storm.”
Reasoning: These moths are really the ashes of the books. It gives imagery of moths, because moths wings are often papery and uneven. Also, these moths have black wings, further showing the connection to ashes and moths.
Claim: A recurring theme in this part of the book is interest in the unknown and mysterious.
Evidence: “Then if what the captain says is true, we’ll burn them together” (Bradbury 66)
Reasoning: This quote backs up that Montag is very interested in knowledge, something that he has not been completely introduced to. Montag is willing to steal books and secretly keep them and read them and risks getting them burned and getting in trouble just to satisfy his interest in the unknown.
Setting
Claim: This novel takes place in a dystopian society during Fall.
Evidence: “Under the door-sill, a slow, probing sniff, an exhalation of electric steam.
Mildred laughed. "It's only a dog, that's what!” (pg. 72 )
Reasoning: Mildred is casually telling Montag to ignore the dog outside. The odd part seems to be the fact that this dog is mechanical and wired. In our current society we consider dogs to be supportive and loving. This dog, and other ones mentioned in the ook seem to be 100% machines and have not thoughts of their own and no emotional intelligence. This is just one example that gives us insight to the Dystopian society they live in.
Evidence: “THEY read the long afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the
quiet house.” (pg. 71)
Reasoning: This sentence clearly gives away the time of year the book is set in, but the name of the month is not the only relevant part. It is raining or cloudy during most of the book which symbolizes gloom. It is the clear opposite of summer where there is bright sunshine and happiness. The time of year and weather help set the tone for the novel overall.
Claim: Montag is using mysterious language when Beatty, or so depicted in page 67, is at the door of Montag’ s home and alluding to the potential of Beatty breaking down the door and harming him and and his wife
Claim: Bradbury often refers to objects as animals.
Evidence: “There sat Beatty, perspiring gently, the floor littered with swarms of black moths that died in a single storm.”
Reasoning: These moths are really the ashes of the books. It gives imagery of moths, because moths wings are often papery and uneven. Also, these moths have black wings, further showing the connection to ashes and moths.
Claim: A recurring theme in this part of the book is interest in the unknown and mysterious.
Evidence: “Then if what the captain says is true, we’ll burn them together” (Bradbury 66)
Reasoning: This quote backs up that Montag is very interested in knowledge, something that he has not been completely introduced to. Montag is willing to steal books and secretly keep them and read them and risks getting them burned and getting in trouble just to satisfy his interest in the unknown.
Setting
Claim: This novel takes place in a dystopian society during Fall.
Evidence: “Under the door-sill, a slow, probing sniff, an exhalation of electric steam.
Mildred laughed. "It's only a dog, that's what!” (pg. 72 )
Reasoning: Mildred is casually telling Montag to ignore the dog outside. The odd part seems to be the fact that this dog is mechanical and wired. In our current society we consider dogs to be supportive and loving. This dog, and other ones mentioned in the ook seem to be 100% machines and have not thoughts of their own and no emotional intelligence. This is just one example that gives us insight to the Dystopian society they live in.
Evidence: “THEY read the long afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the
quiet house.” (pg. 71)
Reasoning: This sentence clearly gives away the time of year the book is set in, but the name of the month is not the only relevant part. It is raining or cloudy during most of the book which symbolizes gloom. It is the clear opposite of summer where there is bright sunshine and happiness. The time of year and weather help set the tone for the novel overall.
Pg 100-120
Futuristic/Dystopian Genre
Sad, Lost, and Dead
“It is during this stage [12-18] that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is” (Erikson). Adolescence is one of the most vulnerable times to be affected by depression. From the minute one is born, if one are not shown the proper care and love they need to have trust in others, it can be hard, especially for teens, to be happy. In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Romeo shows clear signs of depression through him emotional reaction to Rosaline’s rejection and Juliet’s embrace.
The play begins with Romeo in distress over Rosaline who has rejected him and shows his inability to act calmly when he does not get what he wants and his distress impairs his ability to be happy and to fully function. Romeo expresses his woes to Benvolio saying “She’ll not be hit with Cupid’s arrow. She hath Dian’s wit...from love’s weak childish bow she lives unharmed” (I.i. 225-228). He explains that he is in love with Rosaline, yet she has no feelings for him. Romeo is hurt by the fact that she is not pain when she is not with him. He will not even go out of the house, and he spends all his days and nights moping. According to studies run by David Hsu, Ph.D., formerly of the University of Michigan and now at Stony Brook, “Every day we experience positive and negative social interactions. Our findings suggest that a depressed person’s ability to regulate emotions during these interactions is compromised, potentially because of an altered opioid system. This may be one reason for depression’s tendency to linger or return, especially in a negative social environment” (David Hsu). Negative social situations can cause depression or continue to make it worse. Romeo responds with constant sorrow when he is rejected by Rosaline and it makes his depression worsen. Negative social situations can cause or worsen depression in those who have the inability to respond rationally, much like Romeo when he is rejected.
One can see Romeo’s depression regresses when he meets Juliet and immediately falls in love. Romeo expresses his disbelief the moment he sees Juliet, “Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear; Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows” (I.iii. 45-47). Romeo compares Juliet to many beautiful, precious objects, which shows his complete forgetfulness of his sadness and depression. Intro quote → “Love encourages your body to produce oxytocin, the “feel-good” or “love” hormone. Oxytocin can reduce cardiovascular stress and improve the immune system, which in turn decreases cell death and inflammation. Love also causes the production in your brain of norepinephrine and dopamine (both hormones associated with adrenaline), which leads to increased feelings of joy and pleasure” (Huffington Post). When Romeo meets and falls in love with Juliet he becomes happy probably because dopamine is released in his brain, causing him to be happy. Romeo’s depression regresses as he finds himself in a positive social situation where he can thrive on happiness, ultimately leading to the halt of his depression.
Romeo, like other children of the time period was not taken care of by his actual parents as a young child, meaning he was in a way neglected, which causes his depression. According to “Children's lives in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance” referencing Yale University Press, most children during the Renaissance all grew up very similarly “Right from birth, the children of the aristocracy and the aspiring wealthy classes were tended by servants, nursemaids and tutors.” Since Romeo is not shown a lot of love and care from his parents early on, he is susceptible to depression. It was very common during the Renaissance period for parents not to care for their own children, which created disconnected families. Romeo’s parents show that they do not usually know what he is up to, [Capulet] “Black and portentous must this humor prove, unless good counsel may the cause remove” (I.ii.136-137). While Romeo’s mother and father do show concern about his health, they do not seem to know what to do, or be very interested in fixing the issue. They continue to neglect Romeo, which only makes his depression worse. Parents play a key role in the development of their child, and when there is not a lot of interaction between the child and their parents, there can be a sense of neglect in the child that can lead to poor development and can contribute to depression.
Ultimately, one can see how Romeo responds to certain social situations and how it affects his depression that is closely linked to childhood neglect. Romeo is affected by depression from an early age as it progresses and regresses throughout the play. Shakespeare wrote many tragedies like Romeo and Juliet that include ending in death, however there is always something leading up to it. In this case one can see how depression affects Romeo’s ability to respond to situations and ultimately kills himself of grief.
Sonnets (Shakespearean)
Sonnet meaning: "little song"Structure:
Sonnet116 (numbered)
14 lines
Rhyme scheme:
A
B
A
B
C
D
C
D
F
E
F
E
G
G *last two lines are always a couplet
1st 4 lines=1st quatrain --> presents a problem or question
lines 5-8=2nd quatrain --> develop problem
lines 9-12=3rd quatrain --> turning point
lines 13-14=couplet --> resolves problem
Themes:
Romeo & Juliet
Metaphor - Act I - scene iv - line 16 - "With nimble soles; I have a soul of lead"
Motif (overarching symbol of significance) - Act I - scene iv - line 109 - "wind"
Metaphor - Act I - scene iv - line 74 - "Her chariot is an empty hazelnut"
Alliteration - Act I - scene iv - line 109 - "wind, who woos"
Anaphora - Act I - scene v - line 87 - "You'll not endure him? ... You'll make a mutiny...! You'll set..."
Anaphora - Act I - scene v - line 73-74
Cuplets - Act I - scene v - lines 49-58
Cuplet - Act I - scene v - lines 63-64 - "Now, by the stock and honor of my kin, To strike him dead I hold it not a sin"
Personification - Act II - scene iii - line 1 - "The grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night"
Couplet - Act II - scene iv - line 98
Alliteration - Act II - scene iv - line 17 - "blind bow-boy's butt shaft"
Simile - Act II - scene v - line 13 - "She would be as swift in motion as a ball"
Anaphora - Act II - scene v - line 58 - "Sweet, sweet, sweet nurse"
Cuplet - Act II - scene v - line 80-81
Anapohora - Act III - scene i - line 98 - "Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch"
Simile - Act III - scene i - line 102 - "wide as a church door"
Paradox - Act III - scene ii - line 85 - "A damned saint"
Cuplet - Act III - scene ii - lines 153-154 - "Come, cords; come nurse. I'll to my wedding bed; And death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead!"
Hyperbole - Act III - scene v - lines 202-205
Alliteration - Act III - scene v - line 60 - "me marvelous much"
Allusion - Act IV - scene i - line 10 - "For Venus smiles not in a house of tears"
Anaphora - Act IV - scene i - line 51 - "past hope, past cure, past help!"
Metaphor - Act IV - scene i - line 109 - "The roses in your lips and cheeks shall fade"
Metaphor - Act IV - scene ii - line 51 - "My heart is wondrous light"
Allegory - Act IV - scene v - line 22
Simile - Act IV - scene v - line 33 - "Death lies on her like an untimely frost"
Anaphora - Act IV - scene v - line 96-99
Oxymoron - Act V - scene ii - line 18 - "unhappy fortune"
Cuplet - Act V - scene ii - line 68-69
Vocabulary:
-
Act I:
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Heavy - sad (scene iv - line 12)
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Joiner - carpentry (scene iv - line 75)
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Plaits - braids (scene iv - line 96)
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Trencher - wooden plate (scene v - line 21)
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Corns - ugly and painful growths on the toes (scene v - line 22)
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Go to - stop, that's enough (scene v - line 86)
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-
-
-
Act II Scene vi:
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Chide - to scold
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Gossamer - something light, thin and delicate
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Wanton - carefree
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Ghostly confessor - a spiritual advisory
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Act V
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Dateless - eternal; never ending
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Unthrifty - unlucky
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Sepulcher - a place that should be peaceful
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Attach - arrest, seize, apprehend
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Startles - to cause alarm
Introduction Paragraph writing
Hook
Act I:
- Heavy - sad (scene iv - line 12)
- Joiner - carpentry (scene iv - line 75)
- Plaits - braids (scene iv - line 96)
- Trencher - wooden plate (scene v - line 21)
- Corns - ugly and painful growths on the toes (scene v - line 22)
- Go to - stop, that's enough (scene v - line 86)
Act II Scene vi:
- Chide - to scold
- Gossamer - something light, thin and delicate
- Wanton - carefree
- Ghostly confessor - a spiritual advisory
Act V
- Dateless - eternal; never ending
- Unthrifty - unlucky
- Sepulcher - a place that should be peaceful
- Attach - arrest, seize, apprehend
- Startles - to cause alarm
- Quick fact
- Quotes
- Shows connection to the outside world
- For a lab, you need a more data based hook
- For science: Question should not be part of the hook or intro
Transition
- Why is it relevant to my argument
Thesis (hypothesis)
- Real life application
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